1,068
עריכות
שינויים
אין תקציר עריכה
סקירה שיטתית 2005 של 28 לימודים כוללים שני כישלונות מוקדמים וכישלונות מאוחר תיארה כוללת של 183 כישלונות או recanalizations מכ 43,642 חולי כריתת צינור זרע (0.4%), ו20 לימודים באותה הביקורת שתוארו 60 הריונות לאחר 92,184 עיקור (0.07%). [28]
Effectiveness as birth control[edit]
Early failure rates, i.e. pregnancy within a few months after vasectomy typically result from having unprotected intercourse too soon after the procedure when there is still sperm in the vasa deferentia. Most physicians and surgeons who perform vasectomies recommend one (sometimes two) post-procedural semen specimens to verify a successful vasectomy; however many men fail to return for verification tests citing inconvenience, embarrassment, forgetfulness, or certainty of sterility.[24] In January 2008 the FDA cleared a home test called SpermCheck Vasectomy[25] that allows patients to perform postvasectomy confirmation tests themselves; however compliance for postvasectomy semen analysis in general remains low.
Late failure, i.e. pregnancy after recanalization of the vasa deferentia, has also been documented.[26] The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists states there is a generally agreed upon rate of late failure of about 1 in 2000 vasectomies which is considerably better than tubal ligations for which there is one failure in every 200 to 300 cases.[27]
A 2005 systematic review of 28 studies including both early failures and late failures described a total of 183 failures or recanalizations from approximately 43,642 vasectomy patients (0.4%), and 20 studies in the same review described 60 pregnancies after 92,184 vasectomies (0.07%).[28]
סיבוכים [עריכה]
Complications[edit]
Short-term complications include infection, bruising and bleeding into the scrotum, resulting in a collection of blood known as a hematoma. A study in 2012 demonstrated an infection rate of 2.5% post vasectomy.[29] The stitches on the small incisions required are prone to irritation, but this can be minimized by covering them with gauze or small adhesive bandages. The primary long-term complications are chronic pain conditions or syndromes that can affect any of the scrotal, pelvic and/or lower-abdominal regions, known as post-vasectomy pain syndrome. Though vasectomy results in increases in circulating immune complexes, these increases are transient. Data based on animal and human studies indicate these changes do not result in increased incidence of atherosclerosis. The risk of prostate and testicular cancer is not increased by vasectomy.[30]